PRODUCTION OF ALCOHOL FROM SOME LOCAL CEREAL GRAINS

Uses of Alcohol

Alcohol serve as a disinfectant, a drug, a fuel or preservative. In classical experiment (As water and Benedict) with human calorimeter the energy liberated by radiation of ethanol can be utilized by the body and that it is use for replacing similar amount of energy derived from fats and carbohydrate.

Alcohol can be given in small divided doses to patient if liver is not impaired. It is also suitable for intravenous nutrition.

Given in repeated small doses, it usually has pleasant sedative effect and it is not intoxicating.

It is also used in solvent extraction due to its high volatility so that the extract is obtained easily.

1.1       AIMS AND OBJECTIVES

This project aimed to experiment the usefulness of various cereal grains such as the sorghum maize, wheat, millet to produce ethanol.

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PROXIMATE AND PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF BLACK TAMARIND SEED (Dalium guineense)

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study is to evaluate the nutritional composition and the physico-chemical properties of Black Tamarind seed (Dialium guineense). The results obtained on proximate analysis revealed that carbohydrate (78.79% ± 0.09), Protein (15.26% ± 0.06), Fat (2.10% ± 0.00), Fibre (1.42% ± 0.02), Moisture (1.02% ± 0.01) and Ash (1.32% ± 0.02). The following results were obtained for physico-chemical properties (g); Acid value (35.06 ± 0.06), Saponification value (0.23 ± 0.03), Specific gravity (0.9 ± 0.05), Density (1.30 ± 0.03), Free fatty acid (69.77 ± 0.07), Refractive index (1.45 ± 0.05) and Viscosity (28.88 ± 0.08).

CHAPTER ONE

1.0       INTRODUCTION

Black Tamarind seed (Dialium guineense) has been described as one of the common and most importance trees of India. Tamarind is indigenous to tropical Africa particularly Sudan, where it continues to grow wild. It is also cultivated in Cameroon, Nigeria, India and Tanzania. In Arabia, it is found in growing in Oman, especially Dhofer; it grows on the seafaring slopes of mountains. It reaches South Asia likely through human transportation and cultivation several thousand years prior to the Common Era (Morton, 1987).

In the 16th century, it was heavily introduced to Mexico and to a lesser degree to South America by Spanish and Portuguese colonist, such that it became a staple ingredient in the region cuisine (Tamale et al., 1995). Today, India is the world top producer, exporting several thousands of tones of seed, seed powder and fruit pulp each year.

1.1       DESCRIPTION

The tamarind is a long-lived medium growth, bushy tree, which attains a maximum crown height of 12 – 18 metre (40 – 60 feet). The crown has an irregular vague shaped outline of dense foliage. The tree grows well in full sun in clay, loam and sandy and acidic soil types with a high drought and aerosoil salt resistance.

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SURVEY OF URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS (UTIs) IN FEMALE STUDENTS OF FEDERAL POLYTECHNIC, ADO-EKITI

CHAPTER ONE

1.0       Introduction                                                                                                    1

            CHAPTER TWO

2.0       Literature review                                                                                             3

2.1       Pathogenesis                                                                                                   5

2.1.1    Organism in Severe or Complicated Infection                                               6

2.2       Epidemiology of urinary tract infections                                                        7

2.2.1   Asymptomatic Urinary Tract Infection                                    8

2.2.2    Symptoms of Urinary Tract Infections                                                           9

2.3       Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Infections                                                            11

2.3.1    Differential Diagnosis                                                                                     11

2.3.2    Urine Tests                                                                                                      11

2.4       Causes of Urinary Tract Infections                                                                 13

2.5       Treatment of Urinary Tract Infections                                                            14

2.6       Risk Factors of Urinary Tract Infections                                                        15

2.6.1    Types of Urinary Tract Infections                                                                  17

2.1       Complications of Urinary Tract Infections                                                     18

2.7.1    Complicated Urinary Tract Infection                                                             19

2.7.2    Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infection                                                         19

2.7.3    Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections                                                                 20

CHAPTER TWO

2.0       Materials and method                                                                                     21

2.1       Materials                                                                                                         21

2.2       Method                                                                                                           22

2.2.1    Study Population                                                                                            22

2.2.2    Collection of urine specimen                                                                          22

2.2.3    Microbiological analysis                                                                                  22

2.2.4    Identification of Organisms                                                                            23

CHAPTER THREE

3.0       Materials and Method                                                                                     21

3.1       Materials                                                                                                         21

3.2       Method                                                                                                           22

3.2.1    Study Population                                                                                            22

3.2.2    Collection of urine specimen                                                                          22

2.2.3    Microbiological analysis                                                                                  22

3.2.4    Identification of Organisms                                                                            23

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0       Result and discussion                                                                                     25

4.1       Result                                                                                                              25

4.2       Discussion                                                                                                       25

            Conclusion                                                                                                      28

            Contribution to Knowledge                                                                            28

            References                                                                                                      29

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REPLACEMENT OF Mucuna SUPPLEMENT FOR SOYMEAL IN POULTRY FEED

CHAPTER ONE

Chickens are already an integral part of human life. It is one of the major sources of animal meat, aside from pork and fish. Gallus belongs to the family of Phasianidae i.e. male chicken and order of Galliformes. The common name for Gallus is “Cockerel “or “Rooster” (Linnaeus, 1758).

Gallus gallus is widely distributed all over the world. The oldest term is “cock”, from old English cock is in general use as the name of a male of other species of birds, for example “Cock Sparrow”.  The term, “rooster”, originated from the United States; In Northern America, Australia and New Zealand the term used is almost always “rooster”, occasionally cockerel. While in the United Kingdom and Ireland the older term cockerel is more widely used.

Gallus species are recognized by the action of perching aloft to sleep at night. It guards the general area where his hens are nestling and sound a distinctive alarm call if predators are nearby.  Cockerel is generally known as a strong fighting chicken, during the daytime, he often sits on a high perch, usually 4-5 feet off the ground to serve as a lookout for his flock.

Cockerels utilize various kinds of food resources available in their habitat (Adeyemo et al, 1994). Many of the species are of great economic importance in both Poultry and chicken rearing.

The aims of this research were,

To replace the soymeal with Mucuna powder in standard poultry feed to estimate its acceptance level by the chicken,

To reduce the demand for soymeal in the poultry feed milling industry,

To enable the masses know the usefulness or benefit which can be derived from various uses of Mucuna.

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RHIZOSPHERE MICROORGANISMS OF VEGETABLES COMMONLY CONSUMED IN EKITI STATE, NIGERIA.

ABSTRACT

This work focused on the rhizosphere soil microorganisms of five different kind of vegetable plants. Cochorus olitorius L. (Bush okra), Talinum triangulare (waterleaf), Ocimum bacilicum (sweet basil), Hibiscus esculentus (okro) and Amaranthus hybridus (Tumble weed). Thirteen microorganisms (Bacteria and fungi) were identified which are Bacillus spp, Pseudomonas spp., Flavobacterium spp., Citrobacter freundi, Azospirillum lipoferum, Azobacter chroococcum, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Penicillium spp., Rhizopus spp., Aspergillus spp., Fusarium spp., Alternaria spp., and Mucor hiemalis. The physical and chemical properties like the soil, water holding capacity, moisture content and the soil pH were determined. The average pH are (8.22, 8.02, 7.9), soil water capacity (0.54, 0.552, 0.55) and of moisture content (%) are (22.28%, 17.76%, 19.8%) respectively (of rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere).




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PROXIMATE ANALYSIS, MICROBIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS AND SENSORY EVALUATION OF GOOD MORNING OAT, POUNDO YAM, TOLLEX CUSTARD, PEAK MILK POWDER AND GINO TOMATO PASTE

ABSTRACT

The samples i.e. Good morning oat, Poundo yam, Tollex Custard, Peak milk powder and Gino Tomato paste were analyzed for crude protein, fat, moisture contents, crude fibre, ash content and carbohydrate content, Microbial analysis was done as well using Eosin methylene blue agar and Nutrient agar. The sensory evaluation of the samples were also carried out. The result of the proximate analysis of these samples showed that they contain essential nutrients needed by the body for normal growth. The high moisture content in Gino tomato paste (61.10%) is an indication that the product cannot be stored for a long period of time. The result of microbial analysis revealed that Gino tomato paste has the highest microbial viable count of 5.2 x 10³cfu/gm and 5.8 x10³cfu/gm on the media used after incubation. Sensory evaluation result showed that the samples was acceptable with respect to colour, taste and appearance.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

            Food is any substance or materials eaten or drink to provide nutritional support for the body or for pleasure. It usually consist of plant and animal origin, that contains essential nutrients such as carbohydrate, fats, protein, vitamins or mineral and is ingested and assimilated by an organism to produce energy, stimulate growth and maintain life. Historically, people obtained food from hunting, farming known as Agriculture – Today most of the food energy consumed by the world population is supplied by the food industry operated by multinational cooperation using industrial agricultural method (Aguilera, et al., 1999)

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Available students' projects for download.

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We have some finished projects you can download for your research and project works.

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